Types Of Cancer

CANCER TYPES
Currently recognized varieties of cancer can be grouped into three basic categories according to the type of tissue from which the tumor cells have arisen,

Carcinoma– arises in epithelial tissue of the skin and mucous membranes in organs, glands, lungs, urinary bladder, nerves, etc. It is the most common major group of cancers. Some subcategories of carcinoma are:
· Adenocarcinoma – form on glandular epithelium, such as the lung, breast, prostate, ovary, or kidney.
· Basal Cell Carcinoma – arises in the small round cells of the outer layer of the skin
· Carcinoma in Situ – abnormal cell growth, stays within the area in which it started, does not spread.
· Squamous Cell – arises on the skin and inner surfaces of the body.
· Transitional Cell – develops in the lining of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis.

2. Sarcoma – the arises from cells of blood, bone marrow, and immune system (including lymph nodes). It is usually found in bone, muscle, cartilage, fat, and fibrous tissue. They include:
Angiosarcoma – resemble blood or lymphatic tissue.

Chondrosarcoma – arises in cells that form cartilage.
Epitheliod Sarcoma – usually found in the hand or foot.
Fibrosarcoma – arises in fibrous tissues like tendons and ligaments.
Hematological – arises from blood cell elements.
Leukemia – originates in the blood-forming tissues of the body. Acute leukemia involves an overgrowth of very immature blood cells, chronic involves an overgrowth of mature blood cells.

Lymphoma – originating in the lymphatic system, affecting the body’s immune system.
» Hodgkins – develops in white blood cells (disease fighting cells) and is caused by an overproduction of lymphoid cells.
» Non -Hodgkins – all lymphomas other than Hodgkins. NHL’s
arise in B-cell, T-cell, from true histiocytes or undefined cells.

Myeloma – usually referred to as multiple myeloma, it originates in the plasma cells of the bone marrow.
Mixed Type – Certain types of cancer that do not belong to any single category. They include:
Brain and CNS cancers include:
» Astrocytoma – involves the brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum. May be pineal, anaplastic, diffuse, and non-infiltrating (pilocytic, subependymal).
» Choroid Plexus Carcinoma – typically occurs in one of the lateral ventricles.
» GermCell – includes germinoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac, and choriocarcinoma.
» Glioma – arises from the glia (supportive tissue). Includes brain stem, optic, astrocytic, and mixed cell.
Melanomas – stems from the pigment-forming cells (melanin) of the skin.